The definition of intention in the case of Woolin lacks clarity. A Essay

The definition of intention in the case of Woolin lacks clarity. A legislative definition is necessary so as to ensure that ther - Essay Example In other words, the end result was not the intended outcome by the actor. Kugler further explained that much debate has been on the issue whether a case might be judged and the accused sentenced using the distinction between intention and recklessness. On the other hand, the intention of the actor has to be established as clearly as possible in passing out murder judgments to the defendant to avoid the temptation of involving judicial moralism in the cases. The problem in this case is extended by the introduction of morality in criminal jurisdictions. The use of a moral formula in defining the offence as kugler (2002) explained has been the cause of much acrimony in courts today. The use of the double effect doctrine inter alia, requires that, oblique intention should not be the same in all cases involving a crime of intention as well as using a moral formula in defining some offences in criminal cases. Ross (1996) in his explanation of morality, justice and judicial morality explain ed that the issue of introducing morality in corridors of justice has raised much concern and debates in courts. ... In the case of Woollin throwing the child in the room, which led to the child’s death, there lacks a clear defined intent in the action, which would make it possible for the juror to possibly infer on the laws of morality in sentencing the accused. It would therefore be more prudent to have clearly defined laws which would define the aspect of intent to avoid judicial morality in arguing out cases in the courts, which as Willson (2000) explained has been the dilemma in many criminal cases. The case of Regina v Woolin (1Cr. App. R. 8, 1999) involved a heated debate about the intent and the actual action of the accused that led to the death of a child, after Woolin threw the child in the room causing the child to suffer a fractured skull that led to his death. The accused on his defense argued that, the intention was to cause just slight harm to the child and was not to cause the death of the child through the serious harm suffered. From the case, it might be certain that Wollin had prior knowledge of his actions and was aware well in adverse that the action would result into serious harm to the child as could be defined by mens rea. The dilemma of intention was further brought out through the Nedrick case (83, Cr. App. R. 267, 1986) by Lord Lane, C.J. In the ruling the judge ruled that in a case where, the accused has been charged with murder and the jury have to decide whether the accused intended to kill or to inflict serious bodily harm, the jury cannot therefore infer the intention to the accused unless where the serious bodily harm might be of virtual certainty due to the defendants actions. Therefore, as Lacey (1993) explained, although the intent

Protecting and Preserving Our Environment Essay Example for Free

Protecting and Preserving Our Environment Essay At WD, we recognize the need to preserve and protect the earth’s vital natural resources. We believe that part of being a good corporate citizen and a good neighbor is maintaining or improving the cleanliness of the air, water and land of the locations in which we operate. As a result, our facilities throughout the world comply with applicable environmental laws and regulations, and each has developed and implemented a comprehensive set of practices designed to ensure continued compliance. In addition, we continually review our operations and processes to identify opportunities which allow us to reduce or recycle byproducts generated by our activities. We are also concerned about protecting the natural resources of the communities in which our products are sold and used. We review the content of the products we manufacture and have established programs to eliminate or phase out the use of certain materials restricted by international legislation. We have also begun offering for sale a line of products specifically designed to reduce the environmental impact resulting from their use. All of our manufacturing facilities in Asia have environmental management systems in place which are ISO 14001 certified. Each facility has a comprehensive policy and set of supporting procedures addressing environmental permits, pollution prevention, hazardous substances, wastewater and solid wastes, airborne emissions and product content. Our policies express a commitment to continued improvement, and to this end, we review the status of our environmental management systems at least annually. All of our manufacturing facilities have environmental specialists onsite, and we provide training programs on environmental practices for employees whose job duties impact our environmental management systems. In addition, all of our facilities provide clear written direction to all employees and workers in languages appropriate to each site regarding requirements and responsibilities for environmental practices in accordance with company policy. Compliance with RoHS and WEEE Directives WD products manufactured and sold worldwide after August 1, 2005, meet or exceed Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) compliance requirements as mandated by the European Union for electrical and electronic products. The RoHS Directive 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament, which was effective in the EU beginning July 1, 2006, aims to protect human health and the environment by restricting the use of certain hazardous substances in new equipment, and consists of restrictions on lead, mercury, cadmium, and other substances. The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directive was developed to minimize the disposal of electrical and electronic equipment into landfills. WD hard drive products and packaging include the WEEE symbol in support of this directive. Supplier Compliance WD has conducted and continues to conduct very extensive tests regarding use of environmental compliant material on all our components. WD requires all component suppliers meet WD’s environmental Specification, titled â€Å"WD’s Environmental Guidelines for Materials, Components and Products.† This 20-page Specification sets forth the maximum threshold limits for restricted, prohibited and managed substances and requires suppliers to adhere to all applicable laws. In addition, the Specification states that all WD suppliers and sub-suppliers will be expected to complete environmental declaration forms for all new materials and components based on a combination of knowledge of their incoming raw materials, process review and their own analytical testing and certification data. Suppliers are required to maintain documented records, made available to Western Digital, indicating which measures are used to ensure compliance to the Specification. We review all suppliers ’ Declarations of compliance with WDs environmental Specification during the launch of every new hard drive program and also track this together with a 3rd party Analytical lab data by component in our Environmental Compliance database. In addition, we maintain strict requirements with respect to Supplier Process/Material Change requests. Suppliers are also required to keep records of their in process tests to ensure compliance to the approved Process Management Plan and approved materials. These are regularly audited by WD. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Global climate change, caused by increasing concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide, is one of the most significant concerns facing our world today. As a corporate citizen, WD is particularly sensitive to the effects of global climate change. The need to understand the science of climate change and to formulate appropriate policy to address scientific findings is intensifying with each passing day. To view WD’s Greenhouse Gas report, click here. QA for Environmental and Hazardous Materials Environmental QDoes Western Digital have management representatives responsible for assuring compliance with respect to environmental laws, regulations and codes? AYes. Western Digital has management representatives at all critical sites whose core responsibility is monitoring, communicating and training employees in all aspects of environmental compliance as related to the specific facility. QDo Western Digital’s facilities receive periodic audits of environmental practices in order to assess conformance with regulatory and other requirements? AYes. Western Digital conducts both internal and external audits to evaluate its compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations. QWhat types of policies, rules or procedures does Western Digital maintain relative to environmental programs? AWestern Digital maintains environmental polices, rules and/or procedures which address environmental permits, pollution prevention, hazardous substances, liquid waste, solid waste, air emission controls and product content. The substance of these programs is delivered to our employee population utilizing various formats including in-person training, web-based training, face-to-face communications, postings and bulletins. All programs are communicated in various languages appropriate to the employee population of each of our facilities to insure that all employees have a clear understanding of the programs. QDoes Western Digital place contractual requirements on its suppliers to be in compliance with environmental laws, regulations and codes of conduct? AYes. Whenever possible, Western Digital executes contracts with its suppliers which require, among other things, that the suppliers comply with all relevant and applicable environmental laws and regulations. QIs Western Digital required to maintain certain environmental permits in the operations of its facilities? AYes. Western Digital is required to maintain certain environmental permits as related to the operations of its facilities. Based on the geography and the operations, permits may be required for chemical handling and storage, waste treatment, wastewater discharge, air emissions and storage tanks. QDoes Western Digital make available Material Data Safety Sheets (MSDS) to workers that handle chemicals? AYes. Western Digital makes MSDS sheets available to employees onsite at all of its facilities. In addition, Western Digital contracts for OnCall MSDS information domestically. Hazardous Materials QDoes Western Digital use hazardous materials in its manufacturing process? AYes. Western Digital utilizes a variety of hazardous materials in its manufacturing operations. Classifications of hazardous materials include flammables, combustibles, corrosives and toxic gases. QHow does Western Digital store chemicals at its facilities? AWestern Digital stores all hazardous materials in compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Storage areas are secured and covered containing various types of containers including bottles, cylinders, drums and other approved vessels with the appropriate type of labeling and containment as required or recommended by codes, regulations and other authorities. QDoes Western Digital generate wastes that are classified as hazardous wastes? AYes. Western Digital generates various types and quantities of hazardous wastes. All wastes are disposed of in compliance with applicable law, and we regularly audit our hazardous waste haulers and their facilities. QDoes Western Digital have a program or procedures for management of hazardous waste? AYes. Western Digital has a variety of programs and procedures for the management of its hazardous waste. These include monitoring, characterization, treatment, conversion and disposition. All wastes are disposed of in compliance with applicable law, and we regularly audit our hazardous waste haulers and their facilities. QDoes Western Digital have a site specific management system registered to ISO 14001, OSHAS 18001, or other recognized health and safety or environmental management standards? AYes. Western Digital factories in Malaysia and Thailand maintain management systems which have earned the ISO 14001 and OSHAS 18001 designation. QDoes Western Digital have programs or procedures to reduce or eliminate pollution and waste in its operations? AWestern Digital is always looking for ways to eliminate or reduce pollution or waste generated by our operations. Among the programs we consider are solvent re-use or elimination, process waste and emission minimization, packaging reduction, recycling or elimination as well as reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. QDoes Western Digital have programs or procedures to reduce the use of energy, water and other natural resources in its operations? AWestern Digital is always looking for ways to reduce energy and other natural resource consumption in our operations. Among the programs we consider are evaluating product or process design modifications, improvement in energy efficiency of process, and the evaluation of construction, maintenance and land use programs.

Radio Station Research :: essays research papers fc

Table of Contents Introduction  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2 Scope of the Study  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3 Methods Used  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3 Results  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5 Age  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5 Time of Day  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6 Location  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  8 Recommendations  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10 Target Format  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10 Target Location  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  11 Bibliography  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  12 Appendix  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  13 Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Music is a general love of almost every college student. Many develop their personalities, profiles, and various other tastes based on their listening choices. In general, many college students acquire the same spectrum of listening values. If a radio station, one that wishes to target the college student population, can discover the musical preferences of the general population of students, they will be able to grow within the specific market.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since the target market is of a personality of the student, generally a crowd that has the same likes and dislikes as his/her peers; the target musical format should be fairly easy to determine. Unlike the 25-33 crowd or 40 and up crowd, where their musical preferences range far and wide, each college student has almost the same understanding of their values. Possible reasons for this may be peer pressure or self-morale gains, yet it still exists among the college crowd. Thus, a common format may be simpler for a station targeting the college format.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The station will be able to gain knowledge for its possible advertisers by analyzing its target population’s needs and wants. Plus, they will be able to acknowledge the possible locations of the students, where they go and what they do. The ultimate goal is to find out where the students are spending their money, so advertising can be solicited into purchasing radio time. Advertisers wish to have some â€Å"concrete† data when analyzing which station they wish to spend their money on through airtime. The purpose of this study is to give the possible clients the facts placed in front of them as well as educate them as to where our target is going and the possibilities of gathering our target audience to their place of business.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Consumer behavior will come into play in the study, since part of the goal is to gather information on the needs and wants of the consumer, or radio listener. Analysis of behavior is more difficult to determine, because the data collected is based on values and personal judgment. Little data collected will be concrete, since the student will be revealing based on opinions, not facts. However, opinions sometimes hold strong enough to reach a borderline to fact. Scope of the Study   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The study was a descriptive design with an emphasis on the listening preferences of college students. Data was acquired as to which brand of music, or radio format, is most appealing to college students, such as alternative, rock, country, R&B, etc.

History Of Human Resource Management Essay

Human resource management is a function in organizations designed to maximize employee performance in service of their employer’s strategic objectives.[1] HR is primarily concerned with how people are managed within organizations, focusing on policies and systems.[2] HR departments and units in organizations are typically responsible for a number of activities, including employee recruitment, training and development, performance appraisal, and rewarding. HR is also concerned with industrial relations, that is, the balancing of organizational practices with regulations arising from collective bargaining and governmental laws. HR is a product of the human relations movement of the early 20th century, when researchers began documenting ways of creating business value through the strategic management of the workforce. The function was initially dominated by transactional work, such as payroll and benefits administration, but due to globalization, company consolidation, technologi cal advancement, and further research, HR now focuses on strategic initiatives like mergers and acquisitions, talent management, succession planning, industrial and labor relations, and diversity and inclusion. In startup companies, HR’s duties may be performed by trained professionals. In larger companies, an entire functional group is typically dedicated to the discipline, with staff specializing in various HR tasks and functional leadership engaging in strategic decision making across the business. To train practitioners for the profession, institutions of higher education, professional associations, and companies themselves have created programs of study dedicated explicitly to the duties of the function. Academic and practitioner organizations likewise seek to engage and further the field of HR, as evidenced by several field-specific publications. HR is also a field of research study that is popular within the fields of management and industrial/organizational psychology, with research articles appearing in a number of academic journals, including those mentioned later in this article. In the current global work environment, most companies focus on lowering employee turnover and retaining the talent and knowledge held by their workforce. New hiring not only entails a high cost but also increases the risk of the newcomer not being able to replace the person who was working in that position before. HR departments also strive to offer benefits that will appeal to workers, thus reducing the risk of losing knowledge. History Antecedent theoretical development HR spawned in the early 20th century and was influenced by Frederick Taylor (1856-1915). Taylor explored what he termed â€Å"scientific management†, striving to improve economic efficiency in manufacturing jobs. He eventually keyed in on one of the principal inputs into the manufacturing process—labor—sparking inquiry into workforce productivity. The human relations movement grew from the research of Elton Mayo and others, whose Hawthorne studies (1924-1932) serendipitously documented how stimuli, unrelated to financial compensation and working conditions, yielded more productive workers.[6] Contemporaneous work by Abraham Maslow, Kurt Lewin, Max Weber (1864-1920), Frederick Herzberg, and David McClelland (1917-1998) formed the basis for studies in industrial and organizational psychology, organizational behavior and organizational theory, giving room for an applied discipline. Birth and evolution of the discipline By the time enough theoretical evidence existed to make a business case for strategic workforce management, changes in the business landscape (à   la Andrew Carnegie, John Rockefeller) and in public policy had transformed the employer-employee relationship, and the discipline was formalized as â€Å"industrial and labor relations†. In 1913, one of the oldest known professional HR associations—the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development—was founded in England as the Welfare Workers’ Association, then changed its name a decade later to the Institute of Industrial Welfare Workers, and again the next decade to Institute of Labor Management before settling upon its current name.[7] Likewise in the United States, the world’s first institution of higher education dedicated to workplace studies—the School of Industrial and Labor Relations—was formed at Cornell University in 1945. During the latter half of the 20th century, union membership declined significantly, while workforce management continued to expand its influence within organizations. â€Å"Industrial and labor relations† began being used to refer specifically to issues concerning collective representation, and many companies began referring to the profession as  Ã¢â‚¬Å"personnel administration†. In 1948, what would later become the largest professional HR association—the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM)—was founded as the American Society for Personnel Administration (ASPA). Nearing the 21st century, advances in transportation and communications greatly facilitated workforce mobility and collaboration. Corporations began viewing employees as assets rather than as cogs in a machine. â€Å"Human resources management†, consequently, became the dominant term for the function—the ASPA even changing its name to SHRM in 1998.[9] â€Å"Human capital management† is sometimes used synonymously with HR, although human capital typically refers to a more narrow view of human resources; i.e., the knowledge the individuals embody and can contribute to an organization. Likewise, other terms sometimes used to describe the field include â€Å"organizational management†, â€Å"manpower management†, â€Å"talent management†, â€Å"personnel management†, and simply â€Å"people management†.

How to Become a Better Student

To become successful in life, we all need to learn to become a good student in every aspect of life. Becoming a good student is not an easy task. Most would agree that in order to be a good student it takes a great deal of hard work, time and self-discipline. A student who possess these strong characteristics will often times stand out from the rest of their classmates. In order to become a strong student, one must have motivation, positive self-esteem, positive self-talk, commitment and good study habits.It has been said that to get the required performance out of an individual, you just first find what motivates them. There are many ways for a student to become motivated. These include settings goals, creating a dream career, and having good values. If a student makes an effort to try and discover these traits about themselves they will most likely find the motivation they need in their life. Setting goals is the first step a person can take in order to gain the motivation they nee d to become a better student. A goal is something a person is wishing accomplish in their life.There are two types of goals, short term and long term. Short-term goals are usually less than six months. A student should always set short- term goals for themselves in the beginning of a semester so they can work hard for the next couple of months to achieve them. A long-term goal is what a student is strives for in their more distant future, for example a career path. Setting short-term and long-term goals early on in life is positive tool in order for a student to be successful in their future. Another method to gain motivation is to create a dream career.A student attends college with hopes of receiving a degree that will allow them to specialize in a future job market. A student's major should be their passion. If an individual majors in something they despise, they will eventually loose their motivation to perform well in their studies. Striving for a career that you love is a grea t motivation tool that will inspire students to do well in school. Working for a dream career also allows a student to major in something they are passionate about and keeps them motivated throughout their college career.An additional technique to expand student's motivation is by having good values. A value is a principle that an individual considers important. Students must realize what things in life are of high importance and which things are not. For example a student's schoolwork should come first and fun should be performed second. If a student considers having fun more important than their schoolwork, then their motivation will be severely lost. In order to balance motivation an individual must set good values for himself or herself to become stronger student.Students not only need to remain motivated but also need to have high amounts of positive self-esteem to stay on top of their studies. Positive self-esteem is defined as â€Å"belief in oneself. † It is also a st udent's awareness that he or she is a person of Roth or values simply because he or she is a human being. If students constantly tell themselves that they are not worthy and gives up hope on their studies, they will deteriorate their ability to be a good student. If an individual feels as if they have lost their self-esteem, there are many ways for them to gain it back.To raise self-esteem a student can, pay close attention to their needs, take care of themselves, carry out positive self-talk, and perform in activities that make will make them feel good about themselves. Students that act upon these activities daily will maintain high self-esteem in their lives. It is important to maintain high levels of positive self-esteem because students should not only do well in the classes they are taking, but also feel good about themselves while doing so. Paying attention to one's own wants and needs is a good first step to take when attempting to gain self-esteem.A good student should alwa ys be listening to what their bodies, mind, and heart are telling them. For example, if an individual has been studying for a long period of time, their body is probably telling them to stand up and take a break. People's heart speak to them about for instances the individuals in heir life who they long to spend more time with. If a student's mind is telling them to clean their room, they should act upon these thoughts, and clean their room. Acting on these bodily instincts are good ways for students to recognize their needs and to retain back positive self-esteem.Students should also heavily focus on their diets. Individuals who make healthy choices with their fitness and diet will find that they feel better about themselves. To keep a strong mind people need to consume the right foods and always make time in their busy schedules for exercise. Completing these simple tasks can boost a dent's self-esteem and make sure they are performing at optimal level. In our society today, more students are daily telling themselves that they are not worthy or not smart enough. These negative thoughts people tell themselves are the number one force that can destroy one's self-esteem.Students should really attempt to use positive self-talk as much as possible. Positive self-talk is defined as any time in which individuals think or talk to themselves in a beneficial manner. Students should start off everyday on a positive note. Simply waking up and starting mornings on a high note can make the day run much more smoothly. Students should not only use positive self-talk in the mornings but should also continue throughout the day. Thinking positive thoughts before a test will in a way make the stress go away and a student will perform better.Positive self-talk is extremely important in a student's everyday routine because it will give them the confidence they need in their school careers. Another method to keep self-esteem high is for students to carry out the activities that th ey perform well in. If a student ever becomes frustrated with their schoolwork, they should always take a break and do the activities they love to bring up their self esteem. When a person performs something they love to do it helps them escape from their stress and worries.These are great tools to use while studying because once an individual finishes these special activities and continues with their schoolwork, they will feel refreshed. To perform well in school a student's self-esteem needs to be high and also their commitment to their studies needs to be a number one priority. Commitment is defined as means to show loyalty, duty, or pledge to someone or something. Staying committed to schoolwork is not an easy task. Students can be distracted by so many efferent outlets today, which make it so easy to break their commitment to their studies.However, these distractions can be avoided by setting out time every day to look over notes from class. Making time everyday for your school work is beneficial because it is keeping the material fresh in your mind and keeps your commitment with school strong. Good study habits follow closely behind a student's commitment. Study habits are extremely important because it is the fuel for a student to perform well on quizzes and tests. A habit is a preference too particular action that you do a certain way on regular basis.Students should get into the habit of committing to a study schedule everyday. They should routinely take breaks and stay healthy in order to stay focused their studies. To keep their schedule in order students should also use a planner. It is difficult to organize tests and schoolwork without a planner. A Student can become easily confused and should incorporate using a planner everyday in their study habits. Overall, carrying out good study habits everyday will pave the road for students to perform well in their schoolwork. In conclusion, becoming a master student takes time and patience.It is not an eas y task to be successful in school but with a lot of hard work it can be accomplished. There are many rewards for becoming a successful student. One of the greatest rewards is graduating from high school, college, or even graduate school. Students must always remember to be successful in school they need to have motivation, positive self-esteem, positive self-talk, commitment and good study habits. If an individual can master using these tools in their everyday routines, they will see the positive results in their schoolwork and in the long run become a stronger student.

Free Essays on Relate John Gasts Painting To The Story White Mans Indian

Relating John Gast’s Painting to White Man’s Indian There are many similarities between John Gast’s painting and the short story White Man’s Indian. Both the story and the painting illustrate the relation ship between White settlers and the Native Americans. Also, they represent the same period of time. The painting shows farms and an infrastructure on the right side of the painting â€Å"the east† and a rugged wilderness with Native Americans in â€Å"the west.† There is an angel in the middle that represents the border between the east and west. Everything to the right of the angel â€Å"east† is lightly colored, and everything to the right â€Å"west’ is dark and gloomy. In White Man’s Indian the author says â€Å"Another persistent theme in White imagery (of the Indians) is the tendency to describe Indian life, in terms of lack of white.† This perception of Native Americans is well illustrated in the painting by the contrast of white in the east and dark in the wester n Indian territory. This is a clear example of the stereotypes that the author of The White Man’s Indian is describing. Another topic the author briefly talks about is whites ego, and their identity as imperialists. The painting shows this belief with the symbol of the angel. An angel is a religious symbol and is associated in western culture as something good or divine. In the painting the angel is leading the way westward. The angel shows the White’s belief in manifest destiny because an angel wouldn’t do anything wrong, so the symbol represents their God given right to the west.... Free Essays on Relate John Gast's Painting To The Story White Man's Indian Free Essays on Relate John Gast's Painting To The Story White Man's Indian Relating John Gast’s Painting to White Man’s Indian There are many similarities between John Gast’s painting and the short story White Man’s Indian. Both the story and the painting illustrate the relation ship between White settlers and the Native Americans. Also, they represent the same period of time. The painting shows farms and an infrastructure on the right side of the painting â€Å"the east† and a rugged wilderness with Native Americans in â€Å"the west.† There is an angel in the middle that represents the border between the east and west. Everything to the right of the angel â€Å"east† is lightly colored, and everything to the right â€Å"west’ is dark and gloomy. In White Man’s Indian the author says â€Å"Another persistent theme in White imagery (of the Indians) is the tendency to describe Indian life, in terms of lack of white.† This perception of Native Americans is well illustrated in the painting by the contrast of white in the east and dark in the wester n Indian territory. This is a clear example of the stereotypes that the author of The White Man’s Indian is describing. Another topic the author briefly talks about is whites ego, and their identity as imperialists. The painting shows this belief with the symbol of the angel. An angel is a religious symbol and is associated in western culture as something good or divine. In the painting the angel is leading the way westward. The angel shows the White’s belief in manifest destiny because an angel wouldn’t do anything wrong, so the symbol represents their God given right to the west....

Free Essays on Life In Colonial America

Everyday Life In Colonial America The eighteenth century was a very interesting time in our nation’s history because our nation was born through the hard work and the dedication of those who lived during those times. When one refers to the eighteenth century, however, he must realize that there were many major cultural, religious, and moral differences between colonial Americans of different regions of the newly discovered land we now call the United States of America. Our nation was once made up of many different kinds of people, from puritans to slaves, whose religious and cultural beliefs varied tremendously. Their everyday lives were often consumed with endless amounts of work, from farming to hunting, that were necessary for their survival. Their family structures also varied in many ways. Some had tight, close knit families, while others concentrated more on their slaves or their hired help for family type needs. The communities of colonial America varied tremendously as well. Some communities co nsisted of a Chief, while others had offices such as Governor or Mayor. The people of colonial America, and the areas in which they lived have been classified into three major regions of colonial America: the North, the Middle region, and the South. The inhabitants of these three regions experienced a variety of different types of family, work, and relationships within the community. The northern region of colonial America was an influential region because its eventual formation of government and acts of rebellion would be the spark that helped us gain our freedom from England. In the early eighteenth century, however, the North really had no political power because it was newly born and was just beginning to establish some form of society. The family structure of the North was a major reason for its survival. When settlers first arrived on American soil, they were mostly young men, journeying without their families, look... Free Essays on Life In Colonial America Free Essays on Life In Colonial America Everyday Life In Colonial America The eighteenth century was a very interesting time in our nation’s history because our nation was born through the hard work and the dedication of those who lived during those times. When one refers to the eighteenth century, however, he must realize that there were many major cultural, religious, and moral differences between colonial Americans of different regions of the newly discovered land we now call the United States of America. Our nation was once made up of many different kinds of people, from puritans to slaves, whose religious and cultural beliefs varied tremendously. Their everyday lives were often consumed with endless amounts of work, from farming to hunting, that were necessary for their survival. Their family structures also varied in many ways. Some had tight, close knit families, while others concentrated more on their slaves or their hired help for family type needs. The communities of colonial America varied tremendously as well. Some communities co nsisted of a Chief, while others had offices such as Governor or Mayor. The people of colonial America, and the areas in which they lived have been classified into three major regions of colonial America: the North, the Middle region, and the South. The inhabitants of these three regions experienced a variety of different types of family, work, and relationships within the community. The northern region of colonial America was an influential region because its eventual formation of government and acts of rebellion would be the spark that helped us gain our freedom from England. In the early eighteenth century, however, the North really had no political power because it was newly born and was just beginning to establish some form of society. The family structure of the North was a major reason for its survival. When settlers first arrived on American soil, they were mostly young men, journeying without their families, look...

How to Write the Revised GRE Analytical Writing Essays

How to Write the Revised GRE Analytical Writing Essays When people study for the GRE exam, they often forget about the two Writing tasks, the Analyze an Issue Task and the Analyze an Argument Task,  facing them on test day. Thats a big mistake! No matter how great of a writer you are, its important to practice these essay prompts before taking the exam. The GRE Writing Section is a doozy, but heres a brief how-to for writing the essays. How to Write the GRE Issue Essay: Remember that the Issue task will present an issue statement or statements followed by specific task instructions that tell you how to respond to the issue. Heres an example from ETS:   To understand the most important characteristics of a society, one must study its major cities. Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position. First, choose an angle. The good news about the GRE Analytical Writing scoring is that you get to write about the issue from any angle. For example, you could do any of the following or choose an approach of your own:Agree with the issueDisagree with the issueAgree with parts of the issue and disagree with othersShow how the issue has inherent logical flawsDemonstrate the validity of the issue with comparisons to modern societyConcede a few points of the issue but refute the most important part of the claim Second, choose a plan. Since you only have 30 minutes, you need to make the best use of your writing time as is possible. It would be foolish to jump into the writing without scratching out a brief outline of the details and examples you want to include to make your strongest argument Third, write it. Keeping your audience in mind (faculty members and trained GRE graders), write your essay quickly and concisely. You can go back afterward to make changes, but for now, get the essa y written. You cant be scored on an empty sheet of paper. More Sample Issue Essays Write the GRE Argument Essay: The Argument task will present you with an argument for or against something and give you specific details about how you must respond. Heres a sample Argument task: The following appeared as part of an article in a business magazine. A recent study rating 300 male and female Mentian advertising executives according to the average number of hours they sleep per night showed an association between the amount of sleep the executives need and the success of their firms. Of the advertising firms studied, those whose executives reported needing no more than 6 hours of sleep per night had higher profit margins and faster growth. These results suggest that if a business wants to prosper, it should hire only people who need less than 6 hours of sleep per night. Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted. First, analyze the details. What facts are considered evidence? What is the offered proof? What are the underlying assumptions? What claims are made? Which details are misleading? Second, analyze the logic. Follow the line of reasoning from sentence to sentence. Does the author make illogical assumptions? Is the movement from point A to B logically rational? Is the writer drawing valid conclusions from the facts? What is the author missing? Third, outline. Map out the biggest problems with the prompts logic and your alternative rationale and counterexamples. Come up with as much evidence and support you can think of to support your own claims. Think outside the box here! Fourth, write it. Again, keep your audience in mind (which rationale would work best to convince a faculty member) write your response quickly. Think less about semantics, grammar, and spelling, and more about demonstrating your analytical skills to the best of your ability. Sample GRE Argument Essays The Analytical Writing Tasks in a Nutshell So, basically, the two writing tasks on the GRE are complementary in that you get to formulate your own argument in the issue task and critique anothers argument in the argument task. Please be mindful of your time in each task, however, and practice ahead of time to ensure your best score possible.

Woolworths group plc operations in terms of management and leadership Essay

Woolworths group plc operations in terms of management and leadership - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the need for developing leaders and managers evolved long time ago. Since then, an increasing range of approaches with different interventions has developed some focusing on the education of managers, others on training and development skills, behavioral elements of roles and others on holistic approaches to personal development within the workplace. The array of methods and interventions are still growing along with different types of developers ranging from in-house generalists, educational institutions and to externally outsourced experts. However, the intervention used must be appropriate to the environment and individuals willing to learn. Leadership and management development is still growing immensely within organizations and often in isolation from the HRM and other personnel. While there may be reasons for the isolation, it is important that there exists a link between major human resource management and development areas. In addition, the functions should be able to contribute to and be part of business strategic planning to secure the company’s future senior leaders and managers. Leadership and management development involves the development of individuals and of company’s capacity in respects of operational, goal achievement, trust/direction dimensions. The report looks at the operations of Woolworths Group plc, to examine its leadership and management strategies to give us an understanding of where it failed and how it can revive itself again.

Recommendations for further studies Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Recommendations for further studies - Article Example It may help them in taking adequate care and in designing their courses in a manner that takes into consideration such errors and help their students in successfully overcoming them. The copula, or rather the omission of the copula is one such error which is frequently observed in case of foreign students learning English, particularly Arabic students since there is no such verb in Arabic language structure. This paper on â€Å"The Omission of English Copula (verb to be) by Arabic students attempts to analyze various studies and historical evidences that supports such a fact and understand the difficulties faced by Arabic students.  Various researchers, have frequently, relied on error analysis as the means of evaluating the occurrence of certain types of errors made by L2 learners to understand the pattern as well as reasons behind such errors. Richards et al (1996) states that error analysis have been frequently conducted by researchers to classify and develop strategies which may help the students in learning any language and obtain information on general complexities experienced by the students and help the teachers in preparing appropriate course materials. Michaelides (1990) suggests that the methodical evaluation of errors committed by students are of immense significance to researchers and all those concerned since it offers valuable insights into the students psyche in comprehending a foreign language (Abu-Jarad, 2008). It is on account of such reasons that this study is focused on the errors committed by Arab students of English language with regard to copula omission. A discussion of issues related to various topics such as: an overview of the Arabic language and its system; the difference between Arabic and English language structure in terms of speaking, writing etc; as well as the omission of copula in Arabic is presented in the literature review to afford a comprehensive understanding of such an issue, to the readers as well as future

Campus Safety and Alcohol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Campus Safety and Alcohol - Essay Example They have known that alcohol use rates are very high among college students. Two of every five American college student are heavy drinkers of alcohol. In this study also they found out that male are heavy drinkers than female. White students are on the highest number while black is the lowest and Hispanics are intermediate. With this data it is very alarming to think about their safeness in campus (O'Molley, PhD & Johnston, PhD, 2005). An examination of the collective data compiled and published annually by the Chronicle of Higher Education suggests that patterns of crime on campus are similar to crime across the United States. Violent crime reports increased and property crime decreased. The number of murders fell from 17 in 1992 to 15 in 1993. The number of arrests for liquor increased suggesting increased law enforcement attention to these violations (Hoover, 2001). What are the effects of alcohol that influences our (students) acts Alcohol is organic substances derived from aliphatic hydrocarbon by the substitution of one or more Hydroxyl groups, OH, for the same number of hydrogen atoms. There are different kinds of alcohol and the kind that is considered drinkable is Ethyl alcohol. This has been known to be fermented from grape juice even in the earliest time (Universal Encyclopedia, 1996). An alcohol is rapidly absorbed by the stomach and small intestine. IT appears in the blood in five minutes and reaches its maximum concentration in two hours. Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant. It acts at many sites, including the reticular formation, spinal cord, cerebellum and cerebral cortex, and on many neurotransmitter systems. Alcohol is a very small molecule and is soluble in "lipid" and water solutions. Because of these properties, alcohol gets into the bloodstream very easily and also crosses the blood brain barrier. With this effect there will be a late response to our impulses and the drinker will be poor upon thinking straight. Here is a table that tallies the effect of alcohol (http://staff.washington.edu/chudler/alco.html, 2006). : In low doses, alcohol produces: a relaxing effect reduces tension lowers inhibitions impairs concentration slows reflexes impairs reaction time reduces coordination In medium doses, alcohol produces: slur speech cause drowsiness alter emotions In high doses, alcohol produces: vomiting breathing difficulties unconsciousness coma This research conducted a survey about campus safeness and alcohol. Below are tables that present the results (class and the researcher's result): Class results Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Hours Q10 a 6% 15% 33% 42% 9% 34% 17% 27% 32% 0 2% b 22% 29% 7% 50% 38% 40% 42% 40% 42% 1-3 9% c 47% 29% 44% 4% 47% 16% 22% 20% 19% 4-6 36% d 25% 27% 8% 4% 4% 9% 20% 11% 5% 7-9 16% e 0% 0% 8% 0% 1% 1% 0% 1% 1% 10-14 24% 15>= 13% Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Total 100% Record shows that a 50 percent says that they are reasonably safe in the campus while there are only 4 percent say not really. 40 percent also of the population said that they have to work 1-3 blocks from car to their classes. The table also showed that there are 42 percent of the students said that they drink alcohol 1-2 per week. This table will serve as the standard and bases for the results of the researcher's survey in the class. We will compare the results and analyze the difference and trends. Researcher's

Content Analysis Writing Assignment Research Paper

Content Analysis Writing Assignment - Research Paper Example The movie analyses how the less popular students in school suffer when they try to fit in the popular world. It becomes difficult for them to establish friendships and mingle with other students (Dubowski, Bicks, Kohn & Silverstein, 2009). As seen by the character of Josie, whereby the popular girls mimic her and isolate her. This makes Josie miserable and unhappy. She struggles to fit in, in vain. Friendship is crucial in every person’s life, be it a child, teenager or a parent. Through good friendships, one is able to discuss diverse ideas with regard to different life situation (Brougham, 2007). Everyone in the world requires friendships in one way or another. Without friends, one feels unhappy and isolated. As seen in the movie, Josie tries to establish friendships with different people without success. When she tries to fit in with the popular students, they neglect and make fun of her, when she tries to fit with the geek group she fails too (Dubowski, Bicks, Kohn & Silverstein, 2009). This makes her have no option, but be on her own. In every friendship, there are rules that ought to be adhered, to make the friendship last. For instance, trust, love and emotional support are crucial in every relationship. Therefore, it is essential for everyone to have a friend with whom to depend on and share life experiences (Brougham, 2007). The theme of love, also seen in the movie, the students want to feel loved by both their friends and experience romantic love. For instance, Josie tries to make herself noticed by men so that she could experience romantic love. Her efforts become fruitless after taking a cookie and misbehave in front of the entire school fraternity. She becomes a laughing stock the following day in school. She is thus forced to give up her dreams of getting a boyfriend. A similar thing happens in real life; this occurs in every person’s life when looking for that one

The International Coordination by Israel During the Raid Case Study

The International Coordination by Israel During the Raid - Case Study Example While the counterterrorism approach used by Israel does not meet standard practice since it was a breach of the UN Charter, it is evident that Israel operated using different standards in comparison to other nations. In this case, it would be impermissible for other nations to take a similar approach to the one that Israel took, and such an approach could have attracted punitive measures although Israel appears immune. Indeed, African nations noted that the approach by Israel towards counterterrorism was against the expected practice although the country appeared to have embraced it as a policy, which put the security of nations at risk. In this regard, McDowell (1976) noted, â€Å"No country, and certainly no African country, can henceforth be secure against such acts, on which the Israeli government seems to wish to confer the status of State practice† (1228). In effect, this emphasizes that Israel’s counterterrorism approach was not standard practice although the US and the UN appeared to have sanctioned the raid. In conclusion, nations face challenges regarding the counterterrorism approaches they will use to rescue their citizens in instances that involved other nations. Case in point, Israel’s approach to raid Entebbe and rescue the hostages was an act in breach of the UN Charter although it gained support from other nations. Nonetheless, the raid involved international coordination with nations such as Kenya, which was subsequently bombed as a repercussion on the role it played. However, it is important to point out that Israel did not use standard practice during the Entebbe raid although the country appears to have perfected unconventional approaches in counterterrorism.

Content Analysis Writing Assignment Research Paper

Content Analysis Writing Assignment - Research Paper Example The movie analyses how the less popular students in school suffer when they try to fit in the popular world. It becomes difficult for them to establish friendships and mingle with other students (Dubowski, Bicks, Kohn & Silverstein, 2009). As seen by the character of Josie, whereby the popular girls mimic her and isolate her. This makes Josie miserable and unhappy. She struggles to fit in, in vain. Friendship is crucial in every person’s life, be it a child, teenager or a parent. Through good friendships, one is able to discuss diverse ideas with regard to different life situation (Brougham, 2007). Everyone in the world requires friendships in one way or another. Without friends, one feels unhappy and isolated. As seen in the movie, Josie tries to establish friendships with different people without success. When she tries to fit in with the popular students, they neglect and make fun of her, when she tries to fit with the geek group she fails too (Dubowski, Bicks, Kohn & Silverstein, 2009). This makes her have no option, but be on her own. In every friendship, there are rules that ought to be adhered, to make the friendship last. For instance, trust, love and emotional support are crucial in every relationship. Therefore, it is essential for everyone to have a friend with whom to depend on and share life experiences (Brougham, 2007). The theme of love, also seen in the movie, the students want to feel loved by both their friends and experience romantic love. For instance, Josie tries to make herself noticed by men so that she could experience romantic love. Her efforts become fruitless after taking a cookie and misbehave in front of the entire school fraternity. She becomes a laughing stock the following day in school. She is thus forced to give up her dreams of getting a boyfriend. A similar thing happens in real life; this occurs in every person’s life when looking for that one

Environmental law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Environmental law - Essay Example One has to hire environmental consultants to do this work. It may also involve the company treating the waste to make it less harmful to the environment and this also come with additional work for the organization. It will also be subject to frequent scrutiny from the authorities to see how they conduct the treatment process and whether they are meeting the required standards. This therefore means in case of discharge to the natural water, the company with have additional work of waste treatment and have to strictly release waste which is considered environmental friendly (Novotny & Brown, 2007). This implies that the regulations with discharging into the natural water have more regulative restrictions which also come with extra costs. Discharging into a sewer system on the other hand has no major impact on the work environment. This is because the sewer company treats the waste and also takes the obligation of looking for the final destination of this waste. In that case, the company does not get into direct contact with environmental protection authorities on waste disposal. This reduces the work that the company would have undertaken and has lesser financial constraints. Novotny, V., & Brown, P. R. (2007). Cities of the future: Towards integrated sustainable water and landscape management : proceedings of an international workshop held July 12-14, 2006 in Wingspread Conference Center, (Racine, WI). London: IWA

Exploratory Research Assignment Essay Example for Free

Exploratory Research Assignment Essay Canadian’s first choice for an alcoholic beverage? Beer. Not only is beer a refreshing beverage on a hot, sunny day, it plays a big part in the Canadian heritage. The overall beer consumption over the years has been steady, however with increased competition, it is becoming harder for Canadian breweries to keep up with market trends. Hence, all the major Canadian breweries have been merged with or acquired by the international giants. The competition is rising not only between beer brands, but also within beverage types. Wine consumption in Canada has been increasing substantially. Consumers are always looking for something new and exciting, but at the same time, something they can relate to. â€Å"A key point for success is to bring differentiation while still retaining a recognizable and familiar aspect†(t). Another obstacle the brewing industry is facing is the wrong perception consumers have about beer and its effect on weight and overall health. â€Å"Beer belly†, for example is just a myth. It is vital for companies to educate consumers about the true nutritional value of beer to avoid wrong perceptions and lose consumers to other beverages that seem more calories cautious. Research Objective This report outlines current trends as well as opportunities and threats to the Canadian Brewing Industry. The results were interpreted based on the research conducted on the three major brewing companies: Heineken N. V. , Sleeman Brewery Ltd. , and Molson Coors Brewing Co. We identified and compared these breweries in terms of the background, consumer’s opinions and strategic issues the companies are currently facing. Finally, the recommendations provided outline the possibilities for improvement and growth of the industry if the appropriate changes are undertaken. Research Method This research was conducted based on North American population through trend analysis. The articles were chosen based on relevancy and the date of publication, 2008 and above. The main areas of research were: history of the company, social media impact, strategic issues and opportunities. The focus was on the most recent news and events that affected the company as well as the entire industry. Company Information Heineken N. V. was founded in 1873 in Netherlands and has become the world’s most international brewer (Heineken, 2013). It operates in Western Europe, Central and Eastern Europe, Africa and the Middle East, The Americas, and Asia Pacific. The company is keen on contributing to a sustainable future. Their strategy is based on the four focus areas: conserving water, decreasing CO2 emissions, responsible agriculture, and responsible consumption. Heineken also believes that innovation is key to future success. The Heineken Ignite beer bottle is their new invention. It is replete with LEDs and motion sensors, â€Å"which let it light up with various effects when drinkers knock bottles to say cheers with someone or take a sip†. The LEDs could also be synchronized with music and activated by light sources. (d) Founded in Guelph, Ontario in 1834, Sleeman Breweries Ltd. became a leading brewer and distributor of premium beer in Canada. (b) Their success came from â€Å"turn-of-the-century† beer recipes and the passion that continues to drive the company to this day. Sleeman’s trademark is their unique clear bottle. In the recent lawsuit against Dead Frog Brewery that uses a similar clear bottle design, John Sleeman, CEO, said: Sleeman will always vigorously defend its trademarks, especially where my familys heritage is concerned. (c) Sleeman Breweries Ltd. was bought out by Sapporo in 2006, however the Japanese firm kept the Sleeman name and business intact because of the intrinsic value that it holds. (e) Molson Inc. is the oldest brewery in North America, established in 1786(a). In 1978, the company bought into sports and entertainment industry, purchasing â€Å"a share in the Montreal Canadie ns and the Montreal Forum, as well as hosting Molson Hockey Night in Canada†(a). Their advertising campaign has always been based on the â€Å"beer-sports† connection, trying to establish that beer and hockey are two defining elements of the Canadian identity. (f) After merging with Coors, Molson Coors Brewing Co. became 5th largest brewer in the world. Below is a comparison table of the three above-mentioned companies, in terms of 2012 sales, place of origin, current position in the market, types of beer offered in Canada, sports associations, and company slogans. Heineken is the most known international beer brand, â€Å"when in doubt, order a Heineken†. But the recent feedback from the consumers shows that Heineken is over-rated. It’s characteristic skunky taste is the result of the green bottles it’s served in. The UV rays break down the hop compounds, which is why the beer tastes different when served from the bottle compared to tap. Heineken however is not ready to let go of their notorious green bottles since that would make it harder to identify the beer, which in turn will hurt the company’s bottom line. Sleeman is known for its flavorful body and clean taste (no skunkiness). Some find it too sweet, others enjoy it. The benefit that Sleeman has over its competitors is that is offers different types of craft beer that other breweries don’t. From fruity India Pale Ale to chocolaty Fine Porter, Sleeman wants to create a long lasting relationship with those, who have an appreciation for beer. However, Sleeman is not as active in the Social Media world as Heineken and Molson are with their catchy commercials and Facebook pages. Molson Canadian was voted #2 in AskMen, men’s online magazine. Be it a hockey game, a backyard bbq or a camping trip, Molson Canadian is what the young generation automatically reaches for, due to Molson’s heavy advertising that incorporates those themes. â€Å"Camping essentials. Lots of firewood and Molson Canadian†- was posted on Twitter along with a picture of a truck loaded with firewood and cases of Molson Canadian. Key trends, opportunities and threats Although beer continues to dominate the market of alcoholic beverages, (c)beer consumption is declining in the U. S. and Europe, the source of two-thirds of Heinekens profits, because of tougher drunk-driving laws and a growing appreciation for wine†. The fact is that beer is not seen as a â€Å"fancy drink† that you indulge in, it is time to change that. Companies must start educating consumers about the differences between various types of beer, beer and food pairings, in order to create a better appreciation for the beverage. Another obstacle the brewing industry has to overcome is the â€Å"beer belly† myth. Consumers are becoming more health cautious and many believe that beer is detrimental to weight loss and health in general. The fact is, beer is fat-free, cholesterol-free and low in carbohydrates. Beer is made from hops, barley and wheat, so the beverage contains many nutrients such are: vitamins A, C B6, folate, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, zinc, iron, and calcium. Beer also contains antioxidants and is high in fiber. Those who choose lighter beers in hopes of reducing their caloric intake, are also missing out on all the nutrients the beer holds. Drinking beer in moderation also reduces the risk of heart disease and stroke, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, bone fractures and osteoporosis, kidney stones, digestive ailments, gallstones, and physical ailments affecting the elderly. Beer can be part of a balanced diet and a healthy, active lifestyle. The key is moderation. (brewers association One of the big trends for summer 2013 is light and flavored beer with the hope to appeal more to women, and Molson Canadian is on top of it. Their new line of beer, Molson Wheat, is made with all-natural ingredients; â€Å"the unfiltered wheat lager delivers a hint of malt, balanced by the fruity character of just-ripened bananas†. Molson is also going to introduce Molson Canadian Cider made from 100% Canadian apples and champagne yeast. On the other spectrum, craft beer is also the category that will experience growth, thus Sleeman should undergo a positive turnaround in the near future. The current debate over wider retail distribution of alcoholic beverages is becoming more evident, and more changes and pilot programs are being tested to potentially expand product availability beyond liquor stores. â€Å"In 2013, the province of Ontario – the largest alcoholic drinks market in Canada will become LCBO or Liquor Control Board of Ontario Express stores-within-stores at 10 grocery supermarkets. The Manitoba Liquor Control Commission has also been testing the Liquor Mart Express store within a Canada Safeway supermarket in Winnipeg as of 2012† (Euromonitor International, 2013). Wider retail distribution will definitely create more opportunities for product marketing and retailer distribution, potentially giving more opportunities for smaller local wineries, breweries and distilleries to bring their products to the market (Euromonitor International, 2013) Study Implications and Recommendations There are four main concepts derived from this research: * Perception of beer * Health implications * Competition * Innovation In order to stay competitive, the above 4 concepts must be exercised interchangeably. The brewing industry has a lot of room for improvement and growth. The improvement must begin from changing the consumers’ perspective about beer in order to create a lasting relationship. An ongoing education about beer and beer consumption is also something that can change consumers’ perceptions and preferences. In order to stay competitive, one must â€Å"bring differentiation while still retaining a recognizable and familiar aspect†(t). Social Media is a powerful tool that must be utilized in order to reach consumers as well as to learn about consumer behavior and generate feedback. Study Limitations and Directions for Future Research I found the most credible sources were the company’s websites, Business and Company Resoucre Centre and Global Market Information Database (GMID). The least credible was Wikipedia (was not included in this research paper) since some of the information was not accurate and up do date. Canadian Business and Current Affairs, I found to be the least up to date and least helpful. There is much more research that could be conducted in regards to this topic- alcohol regulation, exporting tariffs, cross marketing strategies, etc. The above research should be used as a foundation for the in depth analysis of the brewing industry of Canada.

Cultural Studies Essays Culture Food and Eating

Cultural Studies Essays Culture Food and Eating Culture, Food and Eating It has been argued that changes inwhat has been cooked, when, where and by whom are a function of other featureswithin the food economy and will have considerable social, economic and healthconsequences. (LangCaraher, 20010) This essay will discuss the changein relation to culture, food and eating by firstly acknowledging that food, cookingand eating have traditionally been seen principally as the womans role insociety. As this is of high significance in examining the consequences ofchange, it will therefore be examined from the assumption that our society isbuilt upon a patriarchal system which underpins our culture to this presentday. In addition through the yearsmodernity has brought about change in production and consumption which has rapidlytransformed the way in which we approach food and eating. Technology has takena great leap forward in how we cook and eat food. Globalisation has allowed forfood to be shipped around the planet at whim and for food trends to travelacross the world. Traditions are changing as people move from country tocountry bringing food from different cultures into the home and marketplace. In all cultures food is imbued withmeaning, it is a currency in society. Food can nourish, entertain and givepleasure. It can also be a source of political conflict for example governmenthealth warnings or arguments around vegetarianism. Not enough food causesextreme problems and at the other end of the scale too much food can be fatal. Someof these issues will be considered when examining the issues around change insocietys approach to food. The Extent of Change in Relationto Cooking In the past cooking and buying offood were traditionally seen as the womans role and what was eaten wasdictated by the seasonal food available and the amount of money people had tospend on food. In assessing the extent of change it could be identified as the physicaland social aspect. Miller and McHoul (1998,p.33) proposethat the physical covers geography, seasons, and economics and that the socialcovers religion, custom, class, health education, advertising, age, gender, andrace. They also recognise the importance of the physiological, which deals withgenes, allergies, diets, needs, and biochemical reaction. In the past thiswould have been seen as the sphere of experts but in our information rich,self obsessed society this could be a significant factor in cultural changetowards food and cooking and is one that cannot be overlooked. Cooking skills were customarilypassed on through families usually from mothers to daughters. In the past themen were the breadwinners while the women stayed at home and looked after thehome, a patriarchal concept modelled on the aspiring middle classes of thetime. Although times have changed and most women now work, the notion that foodand cooking are the womans domain still prevails. This has an effect on what haschanged or is changing in food matters. Tansey and Worsley (1995, p.144) acknowledgethat most of the burden of domestic work still falls on women. The fact thatthey go to work and do the housework is having remarkable effects on the foodindustry. It has created opportunities for them to produce what Tansey andWorsley describe as labour-saving and ego-protecting products. This has ledto a change in shopping, cooking and eating that would have been unimaginable ageneration ago. Availability of food from all overthe world combined with new ways of cooking has altered the way in which weconsume our food. Refrigeration, freezing and microwaving are examples ofpractical ways in which shopping and cooking has changed. Globalisation has madea large contribution, one aspect relevant to this assessment is a post-modernphenomenon termed McDonaldization by George Ritzer in 1996 which has causedmuch debate. Concerns that mass culture is creating a homogenous world whereeverything will become levelled out is deliberated by many theorists of postmodern culture. But at what point do individualschange their behaviour and attitudes to food? Miller and McHoul (1998,p.33) gosome way towards identifying what could be central to how change takes place inwhat, why, where and by whom food is cooked. They suggest that food stands atthe gateway of nature and culture and involves choice at the point where the biologicalgiven hunger meets and becomes indistinguishable from a cultural marker appetite. There are many ways in which appetite can be influenced in todayssociety which will in turn have a bearing on the key forces driving change. Someof these will be looked at in the next section. Key forces driving change With responsibility for everydaycooking taken by women for almost eighty per cent of the time compared withtwenty-five per cent of men (LangCaraher 2001, p.9), it is no surprisethat the food industry target women. Marketing of food products can be seen asone of the key forces driving change in the way in which we cook and eat. Therange of advertisements bombarding us can feature anything from foodingredients, ready made convenience foods, to fast food outlets andrestaurants. As consumers we are offered a staggering choice to satisfy ourappetites. One of the reasons women are seenas so important to the marketers is that they are seen as both consumers andproducers. Rather than simple consumer demand, Lury (1996, p.44) suggests thatthere are a number of different cycles of production and consumption involvedbefore final enjoyment of a meal. She comments Consumer demand can thus beseen as to be mediated by the state and/or the social relations of thehousehold or domestic mode of production This highlights the fact that foodis not a simple commodity with a one way relationship between production andconsumption. It could be argued that, particularly with food, it cannot beassumed that consumers are passive and that consumption can be taken forgranted even though we clearly will always need food. Rather it emphasises thefact that consumption itself is a socially organised set of practices. Lury illustrates this with a quotefrom Appadurai: Demand emerges as a function ofa variety of social practices and classifications, rather than a mysteriousemanation of human needs, a mechanical response to social manipulation (as inone model of the effects of advertising in our own society), or the narrowingdown of a universal and voracious desire for objects to whatever happens to beavailable. Critics of the food industry mayargue that we are being socially manipulated by being force fed over-processedfoods which are bad for our health. However, it must be recognised that theindustry has grown in response to social change such as new working patterns,the rise of single households, and a highly stressed society eating on thehoof. With more single households and families not eating together the foodindustry has provided us with ready made meals to suit our lifestyles. Nevertheless there are many issuessurrounding the food industry which have given cause for concern. The way inwhich food and ingredients are manufactured has resulted in worries aboutimbalance in world economies with cheap food from around the world. Healthscares such as BSE and salmonella in the food chain, fats and additives causingobesity and diabetes are just some of the current arguments. Lang and Caraher(p.10) contend thatfrom the available evidence .. large food retailers are not just respondingto a cultural change, but are using market levers to suit their own agendaswith little thought for longer-term public health outcomes. It has nowbecome so apparent that there is a crisis regarding health, and childrenshealth in particular, that the government has launched a variety of campaignsto persuade the public to eat healthily. This also includes putting pressure onmanufacturers. It could be maintained that given the shocking statistics onhealth, the State is destined to become a key force for driving change in thefuture. The Significance of Change As already identified, concernsover the health of the nation is one of the biggest issues in society at themoment. It has been said that if this trend continues we are the firstgeneration where parents are expected to outlive their children. While cookingis purported to be on the decline for younger people, it is argued that as anation we know more about diet and nutrition than ever before. If the number oftelevision programmes and magazines on food and health can be taken as evidenceof this it would seem it is true. It is clear that our relationshipwith food has changed drastically in recent years, and can be argued that it isa post-modern problem, one of the most visible areas being the explosion of thediet industry. An article in the Observer Food Magazine (March 2005, p.17)considers the latest trend in dieting and why we feel the need to follow adiet. One theory is that it is the sheer abundance of food has changed us intoa nation of nearly 13 million diet addicts. Dr Andrew Hill, senior lecturer inbehavioural studies contends: It is only in the lastmicro-second of human evolution that we have become surrounded by a sea ofcalories. Weve become international, non-seasonal feeders and for anincreasing proportion of people, this represents a challenge. We simply donthave the psychological controls to cope. Our biological system is tilted infavour of over-consumption This and other issues around foodhave brought it into the public eye and inevitably become a matter ofgovernment policy. Tansey and Worsley (p.214) point to five areas with whichthe conventional economic approach to policy concerns itself; efficiency,growth, stability, sustainability, equity. They demonstrate how important foodpolicy is with a quote from John McInerney: Food is an exceptionallypolitical commodity the idea of there being a COLLECTIVE wellbeing inaddition to an individual one will lead to an array of policy actions designedto protect or foster the interests of the weak and vulnerable, referee theinteractions both within and between groups all along the food chain, insulateone group from the actions of others, and redistribute the benefits to achievea more equitable pattern than the market system can manage on its own. With health at the top of thepolitical agenda for any government it could be anticipated that policy willchange the way we approach food. While the government lobbies the food industryand bombards us with the latest health campaign they could expect some results.But when it comes back down to individuals who will implement this in the home?Yet again the burden will fall on the shoulders of women as Guardians of thefamilys health. Conclusion There are many factors involved inthe change in our attitude to food, cooking and eating, of which only a fewhave been discussed in this essay. One thing that remains constant is that westill view our society through the lens of patriarchy therefore, whetherconsciously or unconsciously rely on gender stereotypes of the mother as thenurturer. While this is still largely true the last twenty or thirty years haveproved that the feminist ideals of women being able to have it all has notlived up to its promise. Women have had to rely on a flourishing food industryto help them cope with the domestic load as well as going to work outside thehome. While this has been celebrated by many women as releasing them from thekitchen and allowing them to have a career of their own, it becomes clear thatsociety has not been able to offer any real alternative to womens unpaid workin the home. The concern we have at present withfood, health, and eating has evolved as a consequence of new social patterns,globalisation, marketing, industry and state policy. As a society we must askourselves whether culturally we still put the responsibility for these issuesat the feet of women on the basic level that as the nurturers they areletting down their families. If that is so it then it is not until eachindividual takes responsibility for their own approach to food that things willchange for the better. BIBLIOGRAPHY Miller, T McHoul, A 1998, PopularCulture and Everyday Life Tansey, G Worsley, T 1995, TheFood System, a Guide Lang, T Caraher M, 2001, IsThere a Culinary Skills Transition? Data and debate from the UK about changes in cooking culture, Journal of the HEIA, Vol 8, No 2, 2001 Lury, Celia 1996, ConsumerCulture Observer Food Magazine, March 2005,Do the Science, The Observer 13/3/05

Identity Theft Essay -- Stealing Identity Theft Essays

Identity Theft   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In today's society, there is a white-collar crime that has greatly risen in popularity among criminals. This crime is identity theft. Hundreds of thousands of people have their identities stolen each year. Identity theft is when these criminals obtain and use consumers personal information such as credit card numbers, bank account numbers, insurance information, and social security numbers to purchase goods or services fraudulently. According to the Federal Trade Commission, over 1.1 million people were the victim of identity theft. With this number, it is very evident that identity theft is one of the fastest growing crimes in our country. This paper will attempt to more thoroughly define identity theft. It will give examples of identity theft by examining the stories of Rosalie Pugliese and Mari Frank. It will show ways in which this very easily committed crime can be avoided, and in the extreme case that a person is a victim of identity fraud, to show the steps one can take to get their lives back on track.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to identityguard.com, identity theft is defined as, ?when someone uses your name or personal information to open a credit account, take out a loan, or make a major purchase. And if they can do it once, they can do it repeatedly, using each new account as a reference for the next one. The result is that identity thieves can run up thousands of dollars worth of charges or obligations all in your name.? In our current society, since there have been a great deal of technological advances made, it is easier than ever for a common criminal to steal a social security number, a bank account number, or any other piece of information which could help a criminal gain access to ones personal finances. Identity thieves can retrieve vital information in many different ways. They can look through your trash at home or at work and retrieve a discarded bill, a piece of mail, or a credit application. They can intercept your mail before it reaches you and take your social security or other information off of it. Identity thieves can pose as a telemarketer, claiming to represent a reputable charity or business, a bank, or even a credit-reporting agency. By doing this, they may be able to coax vital information from a naà ¯ve consumer. ?In some states your Social Security number is printed right on your driver?s license, so an iden... ...hat has been charged under their name, they are very much responsible for getting rid of the unauthorized accounts and restoring credit. This may prove to be a very painstaking effort since most credit companies hate dealing with these types of issues. It is very important, though, to stay persistent in the effort to restore a good credit rating.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Identity theft, according to the Federal Trade Commission, is one of the fastest growing crimes in the country. It may be the fastest growing white-collar crime out there. With nothing more than your name, your Social Security number, and date of birth, the only thing that can limit an identity thief is the thief?s creativity. They are able to do anything from open credit card accounts to open accounts and take out loans. With this basic information, they can get a job in your name, possibly tarnishing an honest person?s good name. They can apply for anything from cell phones to health insurance. With more than 1.1 million victims of identity theft each year, it is very important to know how to protect yourself from identity theft. It is just as, if not more important to know what to do in the case that your identity is stolen.

My Learning Organization

I work as a full time comptroller for a copier reseller. Our company lease copiers to different clients for a monthly fee. When these copiers are turned over after the lease contract, the company either has it released or refurbishes the machines and sells these machines at refurbished price. The organization in our company is not large. We are just a group of ten workers but have been servicing big clients for the past ten years. I would say that our company is an example of a learning organization. Personally, as part of this team, I continue to test my experiences by at the least keenly aware of my day to day routines. Being a comptroller is a tedious job and I am expected to look into the unexpected. I cannot do this if I make my job into a habitual routine where small items can escape my attention. Existing systems and existing work flow can make someone lax meaning, one would just merely trust the system to check itself, which doesn’t really happen especially when the process fails. To test my routines, I would sometimes randomly check receipts that have been processed, just to make sure if they have been processed rightly. Sometimes I would have fun using the system in the office to evaluating my own home budget or inventory. This way, I would know if I have learned the experience by its very nature because the more I can adapt the learning to other kinds of venues, the more I know that I have learned the process indeed. In terms of producing information, my work lets me be responsible in counter checking sales and inventory. The information I deliver is crucial because should there be anomalies in sales or inventory, my information would be helpful in proving discrepancies. I may have second hand data but the corroboration of the information from my work will help support primary data that the office needs, not only to balance finances but most especially to forecast business. It is important for our company’s employees to share knowledge. Information from our specific work is shared systematically through the regular weekly meetings. Though the company is small, these meetings are helpful in leveling off expectations, affirming transactions, threshing out possible conflicts between employees or systems that do create conflict from time to time. Mistakes happen and it is in these weekly meetings that the lessons of a few are shared with everyone thereby sharing the learning. Sharing of knowledge also takes place when we exchange insights about our work like our clients, a good sale, a problematic machine. These insights are shared during breaks or in a few shared exchanges that can happen in a few seconds. These insights are important to note because these insights are seeds of knowledge that each person plants into the learning organization. I couldn’t think of any other innovative step that company has taken up that’s big enough to commemorate. But in the last few years that I have worked with my company, I believe that innovations that have been done came as small steps that are almost not felt but the impact towards helping the company grow is definitive. An example would be making sure there is a person in charge during lunch breaks. It was a matter of adjusting some people’s lunch hour so that we can still answer client inquiries that came in during lunch breaks. True enough, there were successful client inquiries that were received during this unholy hour. Another example is allowing lactating office mates to express their milk or even bring their newborn to the office. Though the newborn took a few office hours from the employees since it can’t be helped to muse over the infants from time to time, the infants also provided a stress relief from time to time. Innovations need not be spectacular or ground breaking. Sometimes, the mere effort of our manager to take time out to look at your family’s picture on the screen savers is innovative enough. As a comptroller of the company, changes that can help facilitate the company’s transition from its existing performance to become high performing would have to be spearheaded by the sales force. Spearheading doesn’t mean to be the sole lone ranger to go out in the field. The company has existing information, experience and knowledge enough to make it accomplish bigger markets. If bigger markets are to be conquered, the ten-man team need to be a high performing unit to maximize company resource. The usual way for most businesses to become bigger is to put in additional capital or resources to accomplish new and bigger tasks. I believe that the better strategy to adopt is to bank on the learning of the company as a team and make it work to get additional clients. All information and knowledge are summarized and insights are articulated. It is best for the sales team to translate these data into formidable input that could help them increase their sales forecast. In this knowledge based setting, companies though transforming themselves to become paperless communities still need the services of copiers. Print has always been time honored and historically, tactile systems of documentation are still considered a part of man’s cultural lifestyle. Therefore, there is yet a big market for our company to expand. The methods of Peter Vaill will help the company achieve its expansion by transforming the company into a highly performing system. The existing weekly meeting of the team can yet evolve into the venue where each team player can fine tune each other’s rhythm according to the other team player’s pace so that no one lags behind and no one goes too far forward. Should the company need additional workforce, the decision must be decided by the whole team because it is important to acknowledge weaknesses or failures. Learning organizations continually engage themselves into processing their mistakes so that growth is felt by the whole organization. If this happens, the organization will be able to trust each other as they take in bigger challenges and bigger learnings. Reference: Vaill, Peter B. 1998. Spirited Leading and Learning: Process Wisdom for a New Age. Jossey-Bass

Historic overview

The story of the Ritz-Carlton begins with Swiss hotelier Cesar Ritz who was well known in the hotel industry as the â€Å"king of hoteliers and hotelier to kings. † Mr. Ritz redefined luxury accommodation in Europe with his management of The Ritz in Paris and The Carlton in London. Although he died in 1918, his wife Marie continued the tradition of opening hotels in his name. The Ritz-Carlton Investing Company was established by Albert Keller, who bought and franchised the name in the United States. The original Ritz-Carlton hotel was built in Boston, Massachusetts, and opened on May 19, 1927 with a room rate of $15 per night.It became known as the hotel to kings, queens, movie stars, and tycoons: Prince Charles, Irving Berlin, Bette Davis, and Howard Hughes were just a few of its notable guests. Additional locations soon opened in New York, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Atlantic City and Boca Raton, but all these locations did not survive the Great Depression and by 1940 only The Ritz-Carlton Boston remained. The Wyner Years: 1927-1964 On October 1926, 29-year-old Edward N. Wyner bought a third-acre parcel at the corner of Arlington and Newbury streets and formed a partnership called The Ritz-Arlington Trust with his father, George, and business associate, John S.Slater. The trust sold $2. 1 million of bonds to finance the construction of a hotel to be called the Mayflower. The 18-story, 201-foot brick building, designed by Strickland, Blodget & Law Architects, was far taller than anything else along Newbury Street at the time. Construction had started on the second floor when Wyner was persuaded by then-Mayor James Michael Curly to make the Mayflower a world-class, 300-room Ritz-Carlton Hotel, which opened May 19, 1927. Room rates were $5 to $15 per night; $40 per night for suites. After a hugely successful opening, the stock market crash of 1929 and ensuing Depression brought financial difficulties.The Wyner family funded the hotel’s operating loss es during the early 1930s, although the interest on the bonds went unpaid. Still in 1933, when only 30 guests were registered in the hotel, Wyner turned on the lights in every guest room to give the appearance the hotel was full. Wyner died of a heart attack on Dec. 5, 1961. His six sons tried to continue operation of the hotel, but it was too difficult, and a decision was made to sell. The Blakeley Years: 1964-1983 The unpaid interest on the bonds dissuaded many from trying to buy the hotel.But Cabot, Cabot & Forbes principal Gerald F. Blakeley Jr. was interested. After more than a year of legal work, Hale and Dorr succeeded at clearing the bond obligations, and in October 1964 Blakeley and associates Paul Hellmuth and Charles Spaulding acquired the Ritz-Carlton Boston for $3. 8 million. â€Å"Out of the 20 years I owned it, it made money three years. The other years it broke even, but from a public relations standpoint for CC&F, it was a tremendous asset,† said Blakeley, wh o completed a 19-story Ritz-Carlton luxury condominium complex on land adjacent to the hotel in 1981.In the late 1960s Blakeley obtained the rights to the Ritz-Carlton name in North America (with the exception of Montreal and New York). In June 1978, Blakeley was awarded the rights and privileges of the Ritz-Carlton trademark in the United States and was given a US Service Mark Registration. In August 1983, Johnson Properties bought the Ritz Boston and US trademark for $75. 5 million and established the Ritz-Carlton Hotel Co. In 1988, Johnson subsequently obtained the exclusive rights to the Ritz name throughout the world (except for the 210-room Hotel-Ritz Paris and the Ritz-Carlton in Montreal).The Corporate Years: 1983-1999 Johnson grew the company from the One Ritz-Carlton Boston to 30 hotels worldwide in just 10 years. He obtained financing to do so from Manufacturers Hanover Trust of New York in 1983 in the amount of $85 million secured by the Ritz-Carlton Boston. This loan wa s refinanced in 1989 by Manhattan Tops USA of New York for $136. 5 million and again in 1994 by Sumitomo Bank of Japan. By 1996, this mortgage was in default and the interest and penalties brought the total debt to $214. 8 million.By splitting this mortgage note into three parts, Sumitomo Bank was able to unbundle the Ritz Boston from the trademark rights to the Ritz brand worldwide. Blackstone Real Estate Acquisitions of New York bought the Ritz-Carlton Boston at auction for $75 million in February 1998. A month later, Host Marriott Corp. of Bethesda, Maryland, acquired the hotel from Blackstone for $100 million. Marriott International Inc. , which franchises and manages Marriott’s 325,000 rooms, bought the Ritz-Carlton Hotel Co. and rights to the Ritz-Carlton name worldwide from W. B. Johnson for $290 million in a two-part transaction completed in 1998.Millenium Purchase In 1998, Christopher Jeffries, founding partner of Millennium Partners, obtained Ritz franchises from Ma rriott for four hotel properties under construction: two in Washington, one in New York City, and one in Atlanta, Georgia. In addition, Jeffries was searching for a brand affiliation for the new 155-room hotel and 270-luxury condominiums he was constructing as part of Boston’s 1. 8 million-square-foot Millennium Place, a mixed-use complex on lower Washington Street. Because of noncompetition clauses, the only way he could obtain a second Ritz flag in Boston was to own the existing Ritz.Millennium Partners acquired the original Ritz-Carlton Boston for $122 million (though it had sold for just $75 million less than two years prior) and spent $50 million for renovations. Marriott agreed to allow the Ritz affiliation for the condominium complex, which will be known as The Residences at the Ritz-Carlton, and share all of the services of the hotel. In 1999, when Millennium Partners of New York, the new owners of the original Ritz-Carlton Boston, announced that the company was build ing a second Ritz-Carlton in Boston (the now-completed 193-room Ritz-Carlton, Boston Commons), there was much local disapproval.A member of the old guard summed up: â€Å"The movement of a name from one place to another doesn’t do it. There would never be that special atmosphere; a grace, decency, and ambiance that once existed. † Millennium Partners admitted they had no intentions of trying to duplicate the Ritz. Taj Purchase In October 2002, The Ritz-Carlton Boston celebrated its 75th Anniversary with a major restoration to bring the facility 21st century amenities while maintaining its 20th century decor. The Ritz-Carlton Boston has been in continuous operation since it opened in 1927.The property is a Boston landmark and anchors fashionable Newbury Street and the picturesque Boston Public Garden located in the heart of the Back Bay. In November 2006, The Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces, subsidiary of the India-based Tata Group, entered into a definitive agreement to purchase The Ritz-Carlton Boston from its current owners, Millennium Partners. The $170 million transaction is scheduled to close on January 11, 2007. Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces operates 75 hotels across the world.The Ritz-Carlton Boston will be renamed the Taj Boston upon closing the purchase. The existing Ritz-Carlton Boston Common is expected to be renamed Ritz-Carlton Boston. 2000 and beyond From 2001 to 2007 Boston was home to two Ritz-Carlton hotels that faced each other on Boston Common. The Ritz-Carlton Boston Common Hotel opened in 2001. In November 2006 The Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces, India luxury hotel group entered into an agreement to purchase the original 1927 Ritz-Carlton Boston from its current owners, Millennium Partners, for $170 Million.The Ritz-Carlton name was not sold to Taj Hotels. The Ritz-Carlton Boston was renamed Taj Boston on Jan. 11, 2007. The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, LLC has announced its first hotel in India. The property is slated to open in Bangalore in 2007. The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company In 1983, the original hotel and the brand were sold to The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L. L. C. , based in Atlanta, Georgia which began expansion of the brand to other locations. The company grew to become the hospitality leader in the US under the leadership of Horst Schulze.His strong conviction of customer loyalty and emphasis on a value/mission driven philosophy for the â€Å"Ladies and Gentleman serving Ladies and Gentleman† became a benchmark in the industry that other companies aspired yet never reached. In 1995, Marriott International purchased a 49% stake in The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company and in 1998 purchased an additional 50% stake in the company giving it 99% ownership of the company. The company is now headquartered in Chevy Chase, Maryland, located in the Washington, D. C. MSA.The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company partnered with Bulgari in 2001 to operate a chain of hotels owned by and operated under the Bulgari bran d. Simon Cooper joined Ritz-Carlton in 2001 as President and Chief Operating Officer taking the helm from Horst Schulze. Cooper's mandate was to grow the chain through hotel expansion and product diversification. Under Cooper's watch the company has aggressively expanded its hotels and has added The Residences at The Ritz-Carlton (private residential units) as well as The Ritz-Carlton Club (fractional ownership residences) to the company's new development program.